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Live, Laugh, Crush Infatuation can be defined as â€Å"puppy love† or â€Å"the temporary love of an adolescent† (Word Net). Therefore, this concludes that many adolescent relationships are short-lived. For instance, William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is frequently called a true love story, but really, the two protagonists, Romeo and Juliet are merely infatuated. First, in most relationships, true love takes time to develop, and Romeo and Juliet only know each other for a couple of days when they decide to marry. Furthermore, Romeo and Juliet constantly refer to each other’s looks, rather than to their true personality, which is a clear sign that they are simply infatuated. Finally, Romeo and Juliet are too young and naive for their bond to be true love. Indubitably, Romeo and Juliet’s relationship is not true love, but just infatuation. To commence, in most cases, true love takes time to fully develop. However, Romeo and Juliet only know each other for a couple of days when they decide to marry. â€Å"It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightning,† (2. . 118-119) for their love to be true. Because Romeo and Juliet only know each other for a couple days, their relationship is not developed enough to call it true love. If Romeo and Juliet would slow down a bit and actually give some time for their bond to grow, it would give Romeo and Juliet a chance to get to know each other better, so their love would be genuine. Additionally, Romeo and Juliet’ s bond does not grow enough to call it true love because right after Romeo sleeps with Juliet, he completely disappears and brings their relationship to a halt. If Romeo was really in love with Juliet, he would â€Å"let [himself] be ta’en, let [himself] be put to death† instead of completely isolating her. Their relationship can not evolve into true love if Romeo and Juliet are separated for a long time, so therefore their â€Å"love† is only infatuation. Lastly, Romeo is just dumped by Rosaline the same day he meets Juliet. Since â€Å"Rosaline, that [Romeo] didst love so dear, [is] so soon forsaken† (2. 3. 66-67), it does not give Romeo enough time to fully recover from being hurt. Thus, there is not enough time for Romeo and Juliet to fully develop their relationship because he is still grieving over his loss of Rosaline. Clearly, Romeo and Juliet did not have enough time to expand their relationship, so for this reason, Romeo and Juliet are only infatuated. The second reason why Romeo and Juliet are purely infatuated is because they constantly refer to each other’s appearance, instead of their true personality. Initially, when Romeo first sees Juliet, he immediately starts rambling on about how he â€Å"ne’er saw true beauty till this night† (1. 5. 3) instead of talking to Juliet and learning about her personality. Romeo and Juliet are not really in love if they only talk about how beautiful the other person is. If they would actually take the time to learn new things about each other so they can develop their bond, their relationship would actually be true love. Moreover, Juliet is no different from Romeo since she also talks grandly of Romeo’s beauty. When Romeo kills Tybalt, Juliet calls him â€Å"[a] serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! † (3. 2. 73). Even though Romeo kills her own cousin, Juliet still refers to Romeo’s handsomeness, instead of grieving over Tybalt. This shows that Juliet also bases her bond a 3 with Romeo on his appearance, especially since in this case, Romeo just kills her cousin. Lastly, even when Juliet is laying in the tomb, apparently dead, Romeo still refers to Juliet’s beauty, asking her â€Å"why art [she] yet so fair? † (5. 3. 102). In Romeo’s last moments with Juliet, he is blinded by Juliet’s beauty, even though she is said to be dead. This clearly shows Romeo’s infatuation for Juliet since he wastes his last moments with Juliet to talk about her beauty. Evidently, since the couple bases their â€Å"love† on looks, their relationship is merely infatuation. The last reason why Romeo and Juliet are merely infatuated is because they are so young and naive. First, Juliet â€Å"is not [even] fourteen [yet]† (1. 3. 15), when she marries Romeo and fully devotes herself to him. Romeo and Juliet’s relationship can be called â€Å"puppy love† (WordNet Search 3. 0), since they are only adolescents. Also, Romeo and Juliet can not say that they are truly in love because they are very inexperienced when it comes to love. Secondly, Romeo is only a couple of years older than Juliet, so his affection for Juliet is just â€Å"the temporary love of an adolescent† (WordNet Search 3. ). He even admits to Friar Laurence when he is banished from Verona, that â€Å"wert [Friar Laurence] as young as [Romeo], [with] Juliet [as his] love†¦then mightst thou speak† (3. 3. 65-68) Romeo is a very young teenager and therefore, his relationship with Juliet is just infatuation. Thirdly, Romeo and Juliet are young and naive becaus e after they spend a night together and Romeo has to leave, they are confident that they will see each other again. Romeo â€Å"doubts it not† (3. 5. 52) and acts very naively since he knows he is banished, but he still thinks he will see Juliet again. Romeo and Juliet think they know all about love, but in truth, they do not, since they are simply teenagers. Romeo and Juliet’s naivety is a reason why they are simply infatuated because it shows how young and inexperienced they are. Seemingly, Romeo and Juliet are simply two young and naive adolescents that are only infatuated. It would seem that Romeo and Juliet should be called a love story since it is a play about two young lovers who â€Å"fall in love† at first sight. However, it is the complete opposite. Primarily, there is not enough time for Romeo and Juliet’s relationship to develop into true love, so therefore it is just infatuation. Furthermore, Romeo and Juliet constantly refer to each other’s appearances instead of their true personality, which is a clear sign that they are only infatuated. Finally, Romeo and Juliet are only naive adolescents who have not really experienced true love. Hence, their relationship is degraded to infatuation. In conclusion, it is very interesting why some readers call Romeo and Juliet a love story, since it really is not. If Shakespeare gave Romeo and Juliet more time to develop their relationship, maybe more readers would be convinced that Romeo and Juliet is a true love story.

Pop Art and Mass Media Essay

Alloway views pop art as a form of tool that was used to break the hegemony of elitist aesthetic standards that had been set over the years and that had defined art. In a sense, pop art could be seen as a democratization of art just as in the area of governance the advent of democracy in modern society broke the power of absoluteness wielded by the monarchy and its aristocracy. Alloway is of the opinion that though population explosion and the industrial revolution in Europe during the era of the Enlightenment had a seismic effect in transforming society, this transformation had been lacking in the field of art as traditional ideas still persisted. In effect these traditional ideas became a limitation on the development of art. Consequently, having pastoral and elitist conceptions about art prevents an art critic, for instance, from appreciating art forms emanating from the mass media. The mass media and pop art present an artistic relationship where themes and expressions of pop art are easily discerned as offshoots of the mass media. Andy Warhol’s John Wayne Silkscreen – 1986 (figure 1 beneath) is a typical example of artistic expression based on a popular theme/personality in the mass media. Again Andy Warhol’s Triple Elvis – 1963 (figure 2 beneath) shows the intersection between mass media and pop art. In both the John Wayne Silkscreen and the Triple Elvis, popular personalities in the movies (and in popular music i. e. ith regards to Elvis) patronized by the masses are depicted holding guns in typical Western movie fashion. The persistence of pop art that draws its themes and expressions from the urban instead of the conventional and pastoral, and from the mass media/popular urban culture as against the artistic standards of the minority elite, signifies the demise of elitist definitions and standizations of art. The process of change in the fine arts as compared to the mass arts is however mitigated due to the fact that the fine arts have traditionally been invested with the ‘duty’ of being the repositories of cherished societal values. Thus change or acceptance of change in the expression of the fine arts comes with the added hurdle of having to deal with time-bound values. The mass arts on the other hand are easily adaptable and readily responsive to technological changes. Advances in electronics have for instance changed the cinemas, TV and radio in the way they films, serials and programmes are presented to the audience in a way that appeals to them as consumers. These technological advances spur on consumer centric presentations in the mass arts. The advent colour in cinema and TV for can be seen being replicated in mass printed glossy colour magazines. The ability of the mass arts to also depict fantasy in a way that appeals to audiences can be seen being depicted in popular comic art for example. Just like the examples of John Wayne and Elvis given above, the focus on heroes and personalities (some of them sex symbols) are fantasies in the mass media that audiences readily identify with and these consumer centred fantasies depicted in art become a continuum from the mass media.

Beowulf Comparison Essay

Beowulf is a very appealing novel as well as a film. The novel Beowulf and the film have many similarities, but they have more differences then anything. While watching the film I noticed many added parts that were not included in the novel. In the film, Grendel’s arm caught is caught on a rope as he’s trying to escape. As the men get closer he has no choice but to cut his own arm off in order to escape, this action is an actual animal reaction when their limb gets caught, the eat their own limb off. This event does not occur in the novel. In the novel Grendel is described as an evil monster with claws, while in the film he appears to be a regular human being. There is also some romance that goes on in the film. Another difference is that the novel is written in very old English while the English in the film seems a little more modern. Religion also seemed to play an important role in the film that it didn’t play on the novel. Before I watched the film I expected an ugly demon looking thing to play the role of Grendel, but instead he was just a very tall man with birth defects. In my opinion Grendel is not the monster the book makes him out to be. When Beowulf becomes furious with Grendel he begins to mimic Beowulf in amusement. While in the novel Grendel becomes angry and goes completely wild. I found both the novel and the movie amusing because they both had something different to offer. Reading the book allows you to visualize the characters and what their personality traits are going to be like. The novel will also allow me to better understand the climax and main points. As far as the film goes, it really helped me comprehend what is going on in the story, due to the novel being in Old English. After reading the novel I expected the film to be distinctively different, especially the way Grendel was portrayed. Despite the differences from the novel and the film, they both give me a clear understanding of what is occurring in the story.

Puigs kiss of the spider woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puigs kiss of the spider woman - Essay Example Evidence of Mestre's (Sara p78) prodigious imagination is ubiquitous in his unusual characters, in the many subplots, twists, turns and transformations (after inventing a powerful guava-based aphrodisiac, one character turns into a river fish and is promptly eaten by his cat), in the onion layering of folklore within tales within stories. His prose has an uncommon exuberance that captures the lushness of his tropical setting. On the other hand, this vitality frequently gives way to elaborate decoration that can obstruct the impetus of the insecurely structured plot, and the novel's big movements turn out to be obscured by its complicated details. This novel can be compared to the Cuba revolution for the reason that it is based in the Cuban revolution in addition to also highlights Castro Gays were despised in Cuba and Castro brought a reign of terror upon them. They were harassed, publicly ridiculed, forced from jobs, jailed, and beaten and, in 1965, they were labeled "counter revolutionary" rounded up and sent to forced labor camps. In 1980 hundreds of Cuban Gays were again labeled "counter-revolutionary," only this time they were thrown out of the country. After what they'd been through, getting thrown out of Cuba wasn't the worse thing that could happen. Puig's kiss of the spider woman Concerns the impact of the Cuban revolution on

International and Comparative Employment Law Assignment

International and Comparative Employment Law - Assignment Example The labour laws provide protection for the relationship between the workers and the employers. Laws of contract formed the legal basis for protection of workers. The employment contract provided protection to the full-time employees (Casale, 2011). However, those workers without any contractual relationship remained unprotected during the engagement with their employers. Workers are protected against unfair dismissal and are expected to continue working for the same organization permanently or seasonally and they have right to join trade unions. The standard work arrangement remained in force until 1970s when global economic changes brought forth intense competition and uncertainty between enterprises (Barnard et. al., 2004, p.46). Employment was regulated by restrictive employment protection legislation and collective agreement between workers unions and the employers in the post-war Europe (Blanpain & Baker, 2010). Due to intense global market pressure firms started pushing for larger profits and flexibility of contracts with workers and responding to consumers’ needs. The changes in a global market have necessitated for more flexible and secure labour market that can offer satisfaction to employers and workers needs simultaneously. The International Labour Organization (ILO) had a view that flexibilization of labour market resulted in erosion of workers’ rights which affected their earnings security and the steadiness of working and living conditions (Lansky, 2013). The economists put forward a suggestion t o compensate diminishing job security by expanding employment opportunities and social security. Therefore, it was necessary to protect the labour market by ensuring stable and secure jobs in the marker. The quest to provide flexible and secure labour market in the European States has been adopted as European Employment Strategy (Blanpain & Baker, 2010).

The Affordalbe Care Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Affordalbe Care Act - Research Paper Example every citizen has the right to obtain affordable and dependable health care, which is the responsibility of the Federal government to make sure efficient provision of the service. The notion encouraged him to fight for legislation the Affordable care act. Obama’s ideologies on health care is founded on believe that the insurance companies unrestrained authority to influence care, and patient insurance have left many Americans uninsured and underinsured (Phillips 20). In accordance with the new law commonly termed as â€Å"Obama care,† Obama believes that American citizens are geared towards the provision of a health care system that is secure. The scheme entails Americans receiving health insurance through employers to make citizens coverage reasonable and secure. The scheme permits individuals with pre-existing conditions the capability to get preventative care with no payment of deductibles and co-pays. Additionally, Obama states the new law would eradicate insurance overpayments and fraud cases in Medicare together with Medicaid systems, which would save people a lot of money. This move permitted Obama to ensure the expansion of health care provision to many people who would have been insured, but now enjoy coverage on their parents’ scheme until they reach 26years of age. The Affordable Care Act offers seniors similar benefits that would need individuals earning more than $200,000, to make contributions to the Medicare Trust Fund beginning starting in 2013. When evaluated the health care visions in the past and the current are noticeably

Maintaining proper business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maintaining proper business ethics - Essay Example Maintaining proper business ethics In this regard, those businesses that uphold moral practices are profitable in that they are able to meet the right standards of product quality while avoiding legal suits against them. This also goes hand in hand with the businesses’ reputation, which does not suffer adverse publicity with regard to its ethical operations. Such business are cautious not to any business malpractices as that would result to farfetched problems that might compromise their profit margins. Conversely, the assertion that good ethics results to good business only applies to businesses that are desired to last as benefits from business ethics only accrue in the long run. In other words, businesses competition in the market and desire for short-term benefits that will ensure business sustainability is what drives many businesses. Similarly, the economic viability of business ethics gradually declines even in the long run and companies are forced to take stringent unpopular decisions that are crucial f or business sustainability. For instance, many companies have had to infringe on their employees privacy by implementing internet usage monitoring policies. Some businesses have also had to lay off part of their labor force in spite of the public outcry and ethical implications, as part of structural adjustment programs. This now leads as to the second assertion that good business results in business ethics, and in this case, it is believed that the drive for profits will force businesses to uphold proper business ethics.... In this regard, the desire for sustainability will result to  good business ethics as businesses are forced to conform to proper business ethics. For instance, many companies are forced to show concern for environmental conservation as part of their collective corporate responsibility, in order to ensure sustainability of the natural environment and its resources. Environmental policies impact positively on the companies’ reputation, as they are able to show the companies' concern and responsiveness to environmental matters. The companies also avoid damaging publicity that could result from legal suits against them from the government or concerned parties; these may arise due to the companies’ breach of corporate responsibility in environmental conservation. However, the assertion that good business results to good business ethic is pegged on the assumption that all the concerned parties will exert pressures on corporate to act responsibly. This may not be the case in all contexts, as seen where consumers opt for cheaper counterfeit products regardless of the health risks involved. Employees might also be lured with financial incentives into foregoing their privacies and sense of ethical practices; this encourages companies to indulge in unethical business practices by flouting their social corporate responsibility. In view of the two assertions discussed above, it is evident that the issue of business ethics is as critical to businesses as their concern for profits (Camus). Ethical businesses are socially responsible, and the reverse is applicable in that a socially responsible business is ethical. In this regard, business

Analyze two short stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyze two short stories - Essay Example Connie is a fifteen years old girl, a typical adolescent, lover of music, theater and boys. Like all teenagers she is in revolt with the existing norms and is in search of independence. The fact that she is unaware of is that, independence brings with it maturity and responsibility and her tender body and mind are not yet prepared for both. While Arnold Friend on the other hand stands for harsh and brutal realities of the world. He is rough and tough. Might is right for him. He personifies lust in its purest form. Connie is impressed by his modern looks and shinning car, forgetting that all that glitters is not always gold. When dragged forcefully into the bitter realities of life by Friend she loses self-control and confidence. Structure of the story The theme is well developed into a unified story. The scene of the story is set in 1960, the period when women have begun their struggle for independence. The concept of modern woman is not yet very common. The naive fifteen years old C onnie sees the whole world from her own point of view. For the rebellions adolescent the life inside the house is very boring. Her mother is always scolding her and comparing her to her elder sister who â€Å"was so plain and chunky and steady that Connie had to hear her praised all the time by her mother and her mother’s sisters.†(Oates 23) Fully aware of her seductive powers Connie is determined to conquer the outside world with her beauty and charm but she is unaware of the forces that are beyond her control. . Exalted in her new discovered power to attract others, specially the high school boys, she finds it easy to control the whole world and lead a life according to her own wishes. She is a perfect epitome of fantasy with her rosy ideas of romance. Appearance is reality for her and everything that exists is real and lovable she â€Å"sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed with the warmth about her as if this were the kind of love, the caresses o f love.†(Oates 33) The conflict comes in the form of Friend who is powerful, dominating, vicious and ruthless. Connie resists with all her might but she is forcefully dragged into the bitter realities of the mature world. So the whole story becomes tragic. The end is vague like the real life itself in which so many things are unexplainable and hard to understand just as we are told that she sees â€Å"so much land that Connie had never seen before and did not recognized except to know that she was going to it†(Oates 50) Symbolism in the story Symbolism also plays important part in the development of the main theme. The whole story is the symbol of human life; we start our life in such an enthusiastic manner like Connie and want to conquer the whole world. We are euphoric about our energies and power. Then suddenly the bitterness of the hard realities of life shakes us, shattering our belief and faith on ourselves. We are crushed by the burden of life which is often gove rned by the evil forces. Life itself is as vague as the ending of the story. It can be interpreted in so many ways but none of the interpretation bears a happy ending. Music is also used as a symbol in order to develop the theme of the story. It is always there in the fore front or in the back ground leaving its effect on all that is going on. Connie loves music and it is present in her head all the time turning her surrounding into an imaginary world where everything is beautiful and

Seagull steal chips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seagull steal chips - Essay Example He has become famous due to his tricks hence earning a nickname, Sam. Surprisingly, there are customers who enjoy his tactics thereby offering to pay for the bags of crisps he steals. This is to enable him continue taking the crisps so that he may always have something to eat (Gunzenhauser and Countryman 33). The shop attendant says that the bird prefers only a specific kind of crisps which he has perfected his arts on taking. His act amazes both staff and customers hence he has become a celebrated seagull as compared to the others. This paper is a discussion on a superhero like the seagull, Sam. A superhero is a courageous person who portrays a strong ability and willingness to face the fears of life. Superheroes withstand injustices and take risks for the sake of others. They can rise even after being beaten down. Sam, the crafty seagull, overwhelmed with hunger, just courageously leaped into the shop one day. He successfully managed to pounce on a bag of chips without being caught by the shop manager. This act has become a habitual thing hence has got used to picking crisps from the store every time he gets in (Coan, Kroll and Petersen 35). A superhero portrays the quality of selflessness thereby putting more emphasis on the interests of than theirs. Sam is so popular for picking crisps from the store on a daily basis. After risking helping himself on the crisps, he is joined by other seagulls in enjoying the nice and favorite meal. He does not struggle to send them away for playing no role in getting it from the shop. In fact, after having his fill, he leaves the remaining crisps and waits for the next time to fulfill his routine duty. Superheroes are opportunistic; that is, they wait for a chance to manifest and immediately take advantage of it. Sam, the seagull-cum-shoplifter, regularly steals a bag of chips from the shop on a daily basis. He waits for the opening of the shop, ensures the shop attendant is behind the counter or has his

Great Works of Western PhilosophyDiscuss Thomas Aquinas's criticisms Essay

Great Works of Western PhilosophyDiscuss Thomas Aquinas's criticisms of the view that God's existence is selfevident - Essay Example There is no denying the fact that though both of them were believers, yet in their theological and philosophical confabulations, they seem to be more concerned about establishing the relevance of their approach rather then proving the existence of God. Anselm, an Italian philosopher tends to rely on pure logical catechism. Aquinas, hailing from an aristocratic background, being the son of Count of Aquino, tends to extend a more refined version of the Averroists' view of 'double truth, which believed that the Catholic faith has two dimensions, one based on reason that emanates from philosophy and the other based of revelation, ensuing from theology. However, Aquinas while refuting the ontological argument seems to divest religion of its inherent need for faith and mysticism. In doing so, both the luminaries reduce God to a concept, much unlike the alive and awesome God of the scriptures. Yet, the interesting thing is that this approach of Aquinas towards faith evolved into a living in fluence that cleared the way for the proliferation and sustenance of a scientific temperament in the West amidst the surrounding theological constraints. Anselm was a theologian who commanded a considerable influence in the 11th century. In 1078, he propounded his famous ontological argument for the existence of God in his well-known book 'Proslogium'. Anselm was both repudiated and acclaimed by some of the most noteworthy philosophers and theologians. Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant challenged this ontological argument for the existence of God, while it was acclaimed and built upon by Leibniz, Descartes and Spinoza. Anselm's ontological argument for the existence of God proceeds somewhat like this: 1. God stands to be the greatest entity that can be conceived by human mind. (Axiom) 2. If God is not the greatest entity, then definitely something greater then God ought to exist. (Axiom) 3. Yet, it is impossible to conceive an entity greater then God. (Axiom 1, repeated). 4. As axiom 2 is in contradiction with axiom 1, thus 2 is certainly false. 5. Hence, God Exists. To put the argument of Anselm in simple words: 1. Even if an individual doubts the existence of God, still one knows that God is the greatest entity that can be conceived by human mind. 2. There is no denying the fact that the capacity to exist in the mind and outside the mind stands to be greater then the capacity to exist merely in the mind. 3. Thus, the individual who denies the existence of God, in a way declares that it is possible to conceive something that is greater than God is. 4. This premise stands to contradict the definition of God and hence cannot be true. 5. Thus, God exists. In a personal perspective, Anselm intends to validate a synthetic argument by pretending that it is in fact an analytic argument. He is trying to prove the existence of something without trying to correlate its existence with the real world. Grave doubts tend to mar the assumption that concludes that it is possible to validate or deny the existence of something by merely resorting to its definition. As per Encarta, it is next to impossible to valida

More Than Just a Story Essay Example for Free

More Than Just a Story Essay Joanna Bartee’s critical essay of Kate Chopin’s short story, The Storm, maintains that the entire story is an allegorical look at feminism and sexual reservations in the Nineteenth Century. She maintains that the storm is a metaphor for the pent up sexual energy that culminates in an extramarital affair while Calixta’s husband and son ride out the actual storm at a small grocer’s store nearby. Bartee points out that Chopin was in touch with her own feelings regarding sexuality and through this story she was able to express her views though she chose not to make them known through publication in her lifetime. Freud said that sometimes a cigar is just a cigar; the opposite is also true. Bartee makes an effective argument that her assessment is correct by backing up her opinions with pertinent blocks of dialogue from the story and by simply pointing out the obvious. To begin Bartee says that the title of Chopin’s short story has a dual meaning, and though the tale unfolds during a raging storm, the storm of the title is representative of repressed human female sexuality. While Alcee comes to the home of Calixta seeking refuge from the storm it is more a rhetorical device to enable the plot to unfold as it does. The physical storm is irrelevant to the actual theme, which is sexuality and human desire. Bartee says that initially the story begins with just the facts that can be gleaned from a read, assuming the reader is capable of taking a bit of latitude. She tells us that the two main characters, Calixta and Alcee, were once lovers and have now met in the present time of the short story, during a powerful storm. She is reading more into this assessment than is actually said in the story when she declares, â€Å"†¦Calixta and Alcee, had a flirtation several years before the story takes place, but each made a more suitable marriage to someone else and they have not seen each other since,† (Bartee). It is known from the story that they had a flirtation but as for each making a more advantageous marriage, that seems to be speculation. Joanne Bartee’s essay addresses the title, saying that ‘The Storm† is metaphor for the pent up passions of a Victorian period. It seems logical that this is the case, for the author flaunts it at every opportunity. She says, â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms,† (Chopin II-20), to describe the passion of the two. Then she says, â€Å"The rain was over; and the sun was turning the glistening green world into a palace of gems. Calixta, on the gallery, watched Alcee ride away,† (Chopin III-1) to describe the parting of the two, saying that the storm of passion had ebbed. Bartee quotes critic Robert Wilson as well, saying that Wilson believes, Chopin’s title refers to nature, which is symbolically feminine; the storm can therefore be seen as symbolic of feminine sexuality and passion. † Bartee points out that Claxita is the essence of domesticity as the story opens, totally unaware of an impending storm. This storm will not only be the one of nature but rather the storm of her pent up desires, released when her former paramour arrives unexpectedly. She is sewing, while her husband’s Sunday clothes are airing out on the porch. Bartee believes this is an allusion to polite and proper society in that Sunday clothes can be taken to mean those clothes that her husband would wear to church, accompanied by his wife and child. Early in her critique Bartee says that the entire short story is filled with illustrations of how the storm is the driving force and main theme of Chopin’s story. She also points out that the story was published posthumously, years later, indicating, perhaps, a reluctance to share her views with a Victorian public, believing it was too graphic to be read with her name attached to it. While it is mild by today’s standards, at the time that it was written it must have been considered a bit risque to have a woman author put her name to a story to obviously full of not only secret sexual desires and passions but infidelity and adultery. The idea that the storm passes just as the tryst is completed and Alcee is riding way is certainly an indication that the natural storm and the storm of passions, which have obviously been sated, are one and the same. Bartee points out that Calixta’s husband, Bobinot, wisely waits out the storm at the general store just as he avoids the passions of wife as well. He is aware of what the natural storm can do and does not intend to let it batter him, likewise, Bartee says, he is aware of the passions of which his wife is capable and he does not mean to allow himself to be battered that the emotional storm brewing in his wife’s psyche. Bartee believes that Bobinot is aware of the situation, though this seems to be conjecture on her part. If this is the case then Bobinot is hiding from the passions of a wife by avoidance, and there is not enough information given to make that claim. Bartee points out the obvious with clarity and most of what she says seems logical, but at this point she appears to be taking a leap of imagination that is not justified by the text of Kate Chopin. Calixta seems content to do her familial chores, tending to her home and seeing to her husband’s clothes. Bartee says at this point that many of the chores that she has to do are done in obvious frustration and are also symbols of the sexual repression of this Nineteenth Century homemaker. This may be the correct assessment as Chopin says that Calixta, â€Å" †¦ unfastened her white sacque at the throat. It began to grow dark, and suddenly realizing the situation she got up hurriedly and went about closing windows and door,† (Chopin II-1). This, Bartee implies, is the foreshadowing that a bad storm is about to blow, and it may overwhelm her. She is leery of how bad it is going to get and takes some nominal precautions to protect her home from the approaching storm. Bartee does not address the symbolism inherent in the actions of Calixta during the initial meeting of the two former intimates. Alcee asks for permission to take shelter on Calixta’s porch, but they both quickly realize that such shelter is totally ineffective against the fury of the storm, which, obviously at this point is not only refers to the weather but more pointedly, to the raging emotions beginning to build in the man and woman. When Calixta invites Alcee into the home of her family it is virtually a paradigm shift in her attitude toward both the old flame and to her duties as wife and mother. â€Å"He expressed an intention to remain outside, but it was soon apparent that he might as well have been out in the open,† (Chopin II-5). The two then find it appropriate to ‘put something under the door’, to further isolate them from the outside world. The description of her husband’s clothing, intimate possessions, which cover and protect a man, are exposed outside the home. There is a real possibility that they can be lost, damaged or destroyed, just as her marriage can be lost, damaged or destroyed by her emotional storm of passion. This symbolism of them hanging outside, exposed to the elements, Bartee says, is symbolic of the danger that Calixta feels concerning the approach of the storm. He husband’s intimate possessions are in danger of being destroyed or lost. Bartee writes, â€Å"They are in danger of blowing away from the strong winds that are approaching with the storm,† (Bartee). Alcee grabs Bobinot’s pants, which, Bartee says Wilson describes as a subversion of the constraints which Calixta, as a married woman, should be feeling. Bartee likewise correctly assesses the description Chopin gives the reader of symbolically putting away a cotton sheet. This sheet, that covers a marriage bed, is in sight when Alcee arrives, but as the two characters talk, Calixta pointedly puts the sheet out of sight, and, if could be inferred, out of mind. Bartee does not mention that the author describes the view she has of the marriage bed itself and that Calixta is aware that the son’s sleeping couch are in view as well. This could also be taken as symbolic of the intimate glimpse Calixta is permitting a virtual stranger, an outsider to her family, to have of her home and private life. Chopin describes the scene thus, â€Å" The door stood open, and the room with its white, monumental bed, its closed shutters, looked dim and mysterious,† (Chopin II-9). Bartee’s opinion is that in symbolically putting away the cotton sheet, an object of domesticity, getting it out of their sight, Calixta is now symbolically clearing her mind, removing any obstacles that might stand in the way of the two as they move inexorably toward the inevitable passionate union toward which the story has been leading. Bartee quotes lines from the story saying that not only do the two lovers lack any remorse, they feel renewed and invigorated by their act. Bartee says, â€Å"Chopin writes, So the storm passed and everyone was happy. † Bartee does not mention what seems to be more than a casual comment immediately prior to that line. Chopin’s penultimate line reads, â€Å" Devoted as she was to her husband, their intimate conjugal life was something which she was more than willing to forego for a while. † This refers to the wife of Alcee, who, it seems, although unaware of the details of the tryst and the storm, has profited from it. The fact that everyone is happy must therefore include Alcee’s wife, and she is temporarily relieved of the more mundane of her ‘wifely duties’. Still, Bartee makes an effective argument that her view is correct by backing up her opinions with pertinent blocks of dialogue from the story and by simply pointing out the obvious. Works Cited Bartee, J. The Storm: More Than Just a Story Retrieved 5-23-07 from http://facultystaff. vwc. edu/~cbellamy/Southern%20Literature/SL%20Chopin. htm Chopin, K. The Storm 1898

Social Contract Essay Example for Free

Social Contract Essay Discuss the view that morality is a social contract (30 marks) Jean-Jacques Rousseau said Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains and what he is trying to show is that a social contract is binding on the members of a society, everywhere he is bound to be moral. The sources and reasons for the upholding morality (that is what is right and what is wrong) has been questioned since the days of Plato and one answer was given by Thomas Hobbes a contractarian answer. A contractarian believes that human beings are self-interested and it would be rational for him to co-operate with others. Hobbes developed this view by making us aware of the (imagined) state of nature in Leviathan (1651) in which people were present before any form of social cohesion and organisation. Hobbes asserts that at this time, everyone would look out for their self-interest but this would involved a great deal of hostility and an inability to do things out of fear (a humans self-interest could be to steal from you and thus cause you fear). Life would be a torment; war of all against all is how Hobbes puts it. The solution to this is cooperating between people. The implication of this is that there is no morality independent of what people in any given society think. There are however problems with this namely historically there has never been any contract. If we looking historically, we have made agreements (be it the Fourth Geneva Convention or the Magna Carta) but there has never been a collective social moral contract. Humans appear to be innately social. Indeed, it is not even just humans ants appear to work in colonies. Further, a contract would only be understood by a social being. As a result of there being no contract (factually), it would seem to make the idea redundant for if I havent signed anything, why should I be obligated? Although we can object and say that Hobbes isnt saying that people sat around and signed a codified document rather what he is suggesting is that if we were to imagine the state of nature to be the case, it would justified for us to accept such a contract hence giving a justification for us to be moral (as well as the existence of societies). However, there seems to remain one problem. By saying that societies develop morality and that there is no morality independent of this, it leaves us with the problem of cultural relativism. For it would be right in a society to kill all the enemies if thats what society determines, in the case of the Nazis it would be the Jews, yet seldom do we find someone who would actually call this moral and not demand action be taken. We could however say that the contract applies universally and that we have not reached the signing. Yet this is not what the contract is saying, for even if we were to accept that rules applied universally is the contractarian approach really telling us about morality? No! Even if something benefits me that may not the reason why I do it and definitely not the reason it is moral. An absolutist would say that rules are moral in themselves, regardless of the time or society in which they agreed. Locke develops the idea that there need be no actual agreement by saying that it is a tactic agreement. This means that a person who seeks to reap the benefits of society implicitly agrees to social contract and if I dont then I am free to leave. However am I really free to leave? It would not seem so. To leave, I would most likely have to leave this would not only mean having a passport to go to a different country, which would have its own set of rules but meaning that to get to the airport I would have to abide by the road rules lest I wish to be arrested. Even if Hobbes is correct in saying that there is no actual contract, we are left with why should we honour the agreement? Indeed, if we are self-interested as Hobbes says then surely when the time came, we would act in a self-interest way? This view can be illustrated by Ian McEwans Enduring Love; there is a hot air balloon and in the basket lays a child there is a sudden gust and the balloon starts it flight. Five men grab onto the rope of the balloon, alas there is another gust and if all five men carry on holding on then the child will be saved. This did not happen. All but one, were left clinging on to the rope. Whats even more so apparent is that if I am sure that I will get away with doing something immoral, why shouldnt I do it? If I knew I wasnt going to be caught stealing money then it would be in my self-interest to steal it. Hobbes answer to the aforementioned question is a Sovereign. This means that there is someone to enforce the law (the terms of the contract). By doing this, it would show that when acting against the contract and giving primacy to self-interest, it would not be in our long term self-interest to do so. However this still doesnt answer the question as to why someone who knows they will not get caught should be moral. Indeed, there are many people who are criminals and it is only found out after they have died. Also, there seems to be a different argument put forward by David Gauthier who argues that to there is no need for a sovereign because those of us who have dispositions to altruism, will in the long term have more benefits than those who are shot-sightedly self-interested. This view is strong in the sense that it shows that human beings are genuinely altruistic with a purpose of doing so and thus not having an over pessimistic view of humans (thus the lesser need for a sovereign). There are further problems with the social contract approach. When a terrorist has a hostage, he can use the hostage to dictate the terms of an agreement. This means that despite this being unfair, or even immoral, he can ask for however million pounds and for him to be pardoned of his act. This is obviously immoral and wrong. This situation is analogous to the state of nature period and someone strong dictating the terms which are not moral such as making all children workers. Furthermore, we could take the view of Marx and Thrasymacus (from Platos Republic) who say that the social contract is a means of social control by the minority. This means that the powerful and rich peoples interests can be carried out under the veil of morality. An example is the respect for property which, by no coincidence, is what the ruling class have. This means that the weak can be exploited and the rulers can maintain their position. We can criticise Marx for not taking into account that people do not steal because they do not want to offend the ruling class but this is not what Marx is trying to say. Indeed, what he is saying is that this is the correct reason why people do not do such things and through instruments such as religion and education (throughout history) they have been taught these rules and regulations. However John Rawls argues in his Theory of Justice that to counter this, we must decide the terms under a veil of ignorance in which nobody is certain for their position and so everyone will be fighting for minority rights in case they are within that minority; nothing is assured! If we posit Hobbes view as truth then we also find ourselves holding a pessimistic view of life for we have ample opportunity to break the rules of the contract yet we do not. If we were to hold Hobbes view societies would long be over because we could no longer trust people because they would take such selfish actions. To say that people dont mug each other in fear of being caught is not plausible. Surely the actions of a mother or a carer in the slums seem to show that we do not act just for self-interest. Further, is Hobbes really giving an accurate account of morality? We can indeed have a contract but is the only reason we do not break it because we fear the courts? Surely this isnt morality but a preference of prudence in an action but this view does not correlate with what we express. If someone were to say Stealing is wrong, they do not mean that it is better if you dont because it is more sensible, they mean it is a morally irreprehensible action. Hobbes view is also put under fire by alternative views, Richard Dawkins argues that altruistic behaviour can lead to evolutionary success and is thus embedded in our genes. There was never a conventional agreement rather because it is mutually advantage behaviour helps our evolutionary success, humans do it. So it is not because it is mutually advantageous that we choose to do it but we do it because it is advantageous and has helped us reach this stage. This, of course, is not the only alternative view others view moral as what the Bible says or even the Quran. We could even take the utilitarian approach and say that what is moral is the thing that obtains the greatest number of peoples happiness. To take this view is, as said, to ignore every instance of altruism. However what about blatant acts of altruism? The egoist could say that subconsciously we gain self-gratification from doing right things. However, again, it does not follow that I am doing these things because I want self-gratification. In the case of Mother Teresa, it is not plausible that she only did those things because she wanted self-satisfaction. As the egoist claims that everything is in some way selfish, it negate the idea of selfish and selfless as it distorts the distinction and leaves nothing but motives which is not a direct accurate description of the world. Thus to conclude, to hold the view that morality is defined, described and prescribed by a social contract ultimately fails. Alternative ideas not only, in some cases, have scientific backing but also have a more accurate representation of the real world. The view is both pessimistic and would lead to the powerful being on top and the weak being exploited. Thus we must conclude as Hume did and say that there is not historically validity (among other things) to this claim.

Pressure Pulse Production of Train Passing to Adjacent Line

Pressure Pulse Production of Train Passing to Adjacent Line This topic concerns the pressure pulse produced by one train on another being passed on an adjacent line. Although studies of this phenomenon had been undertaken for research and development purposes during the 1970s, a need to quantify the magnitude of the effect for existing and future high speed service routes arose in the late 1980s due to adverse comments from train users. The comments were relatively rare, but mainly centred around passengers being startled by the banging of doors (particularly of external sliding doors used on some types of Multiple Unit) and windows (particularly hopper windows) when passed by other trains at high speeds. In addition, coffee and other drinks resting on tables on the side adjacent to the Fast line, mainly in other HSTs, were regularly spilt by passing HSTs. This was caused by a rapid displacement of the coach wall against which the tables rested. Although the events could not be called serious, it was evident that a criterion was needed for the design of new trains for the: i) Door and window mounts and for the structural side-wall stiffness of vehicles likely to be operating on high speed routes ii) Future high speed train nose shapes, (as it was known that it was the aerodynamic shaping, as well as speed, of the source train that sized the pulse magnitude). Subsequently, tests were undertaken by the Research Division of BRB in 1988 to assess the magnitude of the largest pressure pulses produced by service trains at that time. Tests were undertaken on ECML with a test vehicle being passed, during both static and moving tests, by a number of service trains. Of particular interest was HST, as it was often the offending train and was operating at speeds up to 125 mi/h on tracks at a nominal spacing of 3.4m. In some places, track spacing was known to be less than this and, of course, considerably more than this in other places. In addition, the Class 91 loco was being produced and it was necessary to choose a criterion bearing in mind future operation of the IC225 train (also on ECML). In that event, it was decided during discussions between the senior managements of the Research Division and the IC225 Project Team that IC225 operation at 225 km/h should form the limiting condition for defining the pulse limit. At that time, prior to tests being undertaken with Class 91, it had been assumed that the pulse characteristics generated by the nose shape of the Class 91 would be similar to HST, and therefore that a criterion based on an HST result scaled up from 125 mi/h to 225 km/h (140mi/h) should be adopted. Results from the tests produced a mean value, (taken over several passes at different track spacings and speeds of both trains), for the HST normalised to 3.4 m nominal track interval, which was given by the non-dimensional parameter, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾CP = 0.6. At 225 km/h, this equated to 1.44 kPa peak-to-peak amplitude. Subsequent tests with IC225 showed the Class 91 to have slightly better characteristics than HST, but the 1.44 kPa value was adopted for future project design purposes. An indication of this is given in the attached letter involving a proposed lC250 development for WCML operation written by the Technical Director (Research) of British Rail Research to the Project Director IC225. It is important to note that, in this letter and elsewhere, the 1.44 kPa criterion was defined in association with 3.4 m track spacing. Similarly, acceptance tests undertaken during development work on new train designs were checked against a limit of 1.44 kPa at 3.4 m track spacing. Further, BR Research advised that, for practical purposes during track tests, compliance with the criterion was to be checked against a measurement taken at mid-window height on a stationary observing train on straight track on a calm (no wind) day. The result then was to be corrected to nominal 3.4m track spacing. Observations In the same way as for the original tests and for the nominal service condition chosen by Research and DMEE management, there will be circumstances now when 1.44 kPa is exceeded. For example, movement of the observing train, the presence of cross-winds, reduced track spacing and track curvature can all increase the pulse amplitude. Thus, it is important to adopt this specification of the reference set of conditions under which the criterion is to be met. Note that the above implies that rolling stock operating on high speed routes should be structurally designed to a criterion in excess of l.44kPa for the train passing pressure pulse case. For the proof load case of unsealed trains, this will usually be covered by the Q.5kPa specification for vehicle body structures (see Railtrack Gp. Stds. GM/TT0l22, GM/TTOl23, GM/RC2504). Sealed trains will be covered by their own more stringent limits. However, fatigue load cases particularly for unsealed trains may need to incorporate higher values associated with regular exceedances of the 1.44 kPa value. It would appear, therefore, that the original Railtrack Spec. for WCML mistakenly omitted reference to 3.4 m track spacing in its definition of the conditions under which the 1.44 kPa criterion   should be met. Incidentally, the corresponding Railtrack Spec. for ECML does define 3.4 m as the reference condition.

Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories :: English Literature

Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories Analyse the way the villain is presented in three Sherlock Holmes stories. Is there a stereotype? In Conan Doyle’s stories, ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’, ‘Silver Blaze’ and ‘The Adventures of the Dancing Men.’ the villain is always used as the key element. It’s interesting that Doyle always makes the villain more fascinating than the hero. This is certainly true in each of these of these stories. In the Speckled Band, the villain is a Dr Roylott. This was not made clear to the reader until the very end of the story, a trick that Conan Doyle uses in all three of these stories. Dr Roylott is the stepfather to Helen Stoner and her sister Julia Stoner. He is presented by Helen Stoner in the beginning of the story when she goes to visit Sherlock Holmes. She describes past events and her suspicions about her stepfather. She begins by flattering Sherlock Holmes by saying ‘I have heard†¦, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart.’ She then begins from the beginning telling Mr. Holmes everything about her life and why she ended up at his door. She starts by describing her stepfather as a man who is the last survivor of one of the oldest Saxon families in England. He has access to  £1000 a year which was left to him by his wife, a vast sum in those days. Rylott was then supposed to give Helen and her sister a yearly allowance when they married. As soon as his wife left the money to the stepfather in her will, coincidently she died in a tragic railway accident which had happened eight years previously. These are big clues to the reader to make them suspicious and to make them think he is a villain. Helen and her sister from that moment have been very isolated from the outside world. They had been living in the house with their stepfather and his two Indian animals, which are a cheetah and a baboon, which were both allowed to walk free around the grounds. Helen goes on to describe some nasty fights and the stress caused by these. incidences. She describes to Sherlock Holmes the fact that her sister was particularly distressed. ‘She was but 30 at the time of her death, and yet her hair had already began to whiten, even as mine has.’ It is then that we learn that her sister is dead and that her death occurred within two weeks of her getting engaged to a young man.

Optimal Size Of A Firm :: essays research papers

Optimal Size Of A Firm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The optimum size of a firm is a very subjective idea. The ways in which size can help or hinder a firm vary from which angle you a looking at the situation from. Size can have its benefits and its drawbacks, and each firm will have its own benefits and drawbacks that come from either increasing in size, or remaining small, and these will depend on the market in which the firm is in, the current economy, and in some cases the preferences of the manager(s).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example a small firm may be small for many reasons. It may be small because it has just started out in business, and still has relatively little funds, so although the owner/manager may have aspirations of the business growing, at the present time, his main concern would be keeping the business afloat. Another small business may stay small due to the preference of the manager/owner, for example a corner newsagent's shop may remain a small retail business as the owner is making a profit from the business that he finds acceptable, and does not want the hassle of either expanding his current business, setting up new shops, or taking over another business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The size of a business does however depend a great deal on the market which it is in. For example a business which makes specialist goods, or caters to only a very small number of people, will not be able to grow beyond the capacity of that market. This means that the optimum size for a business in a market with little growth and only a small number of prospective customers would be large enough to serve as many customers as it had market share for, but small enough to ensure that they don't over produce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If there is a fairly large market for the product/service that a company is providing, then there is likely to be a large amount of competition in the market. This means that it would be fairly hard for the company to grow in that market unless they did one of three things. Firstly they could come up with a better and cheaper product then the rest of their competitors, if their customers noticed this then the customers would choose their product over their competitors, leading to growth in the company (although internal growth can be one of the slowest, and sometimes one of the most costly methods of growth). Secondly the company could invest money into giving themselves a recognisable brand name, although this can be a costly procedure, and can take a great deal

The Message in The Prince :: Machiavelli Prince

The Message in The Prince The Prince, written by Niccolo Machiavelli, is one of the first examinations of politics and science from a purely scientific and rational perspective. Machiavelli theorizes that the state is only created if the people cooperate and work to maintain it. The state is also one of man?s greatest endeavors, and the state takes precedence over everything else. The state should be one?s primary focus, and maintaining the sovereignty of the state one?s most vital concern. The state is founded on the power of its military. Therefore, a strong military is vital to maintaining the state. Machiavelli believes that men respect power, but they will take advantage of kindness. He believes that when given the opportunity one must destroy completely, because if one does not he will certainly be destroyed. The prince should lead the military, and he has to be intelligent. An effective politician can make quick and intelligent choices about the problems that constantly arise before him. He must also h ave virtue, which means he is strong, confident, talented, as well as smart. A prince cannot be uncertain, because uncertainty is a sign of weakness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fortune controls half of human?s actions, and man?s will controls the other half. Virtue is the best defense for fortune, and virtue must be used in order to keep fortune in check. The prince must take advantage of situations based solely on if it is best for the state. He should choose his decisions based on contemporary and historical examples. A prince cannot consider whether his acts are moral or immoral, and he instead must act in an unbiased manner for the state. Also, it does not matter how the state achieves its goals, as long as these goals are achieved.   Finally, regardless of the personal morality involved, the prince should be praised if he does good for the state and berated if he hurts the state. Machiavelli?s principles have widespread influence, and they are quite similar to some of Thomas Hobbes ideas in Leviathan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Machiavelli has a very low opinion of the people throughout history.   In general, he feels that men are "ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers." "They shun danger and are greedy for profit; while you treat them well, they are yours. They would shed their blood for you ? but when you are in danger they turn against you." Machiavelli basically has little respect for the people, and he feels as though they have not earned much either.

School Captain Speech

4. Social Justice | | Personal Statement of Intent: This Statement will be published electronically on the Intranet for all staff and students to read.Your statement should be no more than 200 words. You should consider the following questions: Why do you think you would be an appropriate Middle School Leader? I think I would be an appropriate middle school leader for these reasons I always show respect towards the teachers and my friends, i am always open minded to new opportunities and new things that arise. I am really confident, responsible and motivated. I show high participation for the music ensembles that I take part in every week and early in the morning.I have been a school captain before at my old school in the junior school so I have plenty of experience in public speaking. What qualities do you possess to accomplish the tasks and responsibilities associated with being a leader? I will show responsibility, enthusiasm, maturity, open minded I am trustworthy so people can t rust me. I always possess honesty and wisdom and confidence. Also I am always positive and I listen to what other people have to say.If you were successful, what would you aim to achieve in your leadership position? I would step up to my big leadership position as I would have big shoes to fill as school captain which I can do easily and all my peers and teachers are relying on me to do a good job as a leader for 2013. especially Mrs Janssens is relying on me to do a good job if I get school captain or the vice captain and in someone’s absence I would step up to the job straight away which I would always be happy to do. School Captain Speech 4. Social Justice | | Personal Statement of Intent: This Statement will be published electronically on the Intranet for all staff and students to read.Your statement should be no more than 200 words. You should consider the following questions: Why do you think you would be an appropriate Middle School Leader? I think I would be an appropriate middle school leader for these reasons I always show respect towards the teachers and my friends, i am always open minded to new opportunities and new things that arise. I am really confident, responsible and motivated. I show high participation for the music ensembles that I take part in every week and early in the morning.I have been a school captain before at my old school in the junior school so I have plenty of experience in public speaking. What qualities do you possess to accomplish the tasks and responsibilities associated with being a leader? I will show responsibility, enthusiasm, maturity, open minded I am trustworthy so people can t rust me. I always possess honesty and wisdom and confidence. Also I am always positive and I listen to what other people have to say.If you were successful, what would you aim to achieve in your leadership position? I would step up to my big leadership position as I would have big shoes to fill as school captain which I can do easily and all my peers and teachers are relying on me to do a good job as a leader for 2013. especially Mrs Janssens is relying on me to do a good job if I get school captain or the vice captain and in someone’s absence I would step up to the job straight away which I would always be happy to do.

Kite Runner Quotes Essay

â€Å"There is a way to be good again†. This quote is one of the remarkable quotes of this book. It is used in the beginning of the novel to make it more interesting. The choice of using this quote was very smart, since it explains a lot of the plots just in one sentence. This was said by Rahim Khan who is very close to Amir. He is a person Amir respects very much and he is the one who tells Amir about his dad and Hassan being his step brother. This quote brings out the feeling of guilt Amir was feeling for so long time. But Rahim Khan insisted that Amir goes back to Kabul and get Hassan’s son out of the orphanage and bring him back to America to atone for his sin he had done when he was twelve. It also explains that no matter what you have done in the past doesn’t matter as long as you do good things in your future. â€Å"For you a thousand times over† This is another remarkable quote from this essay and is also very important. This was said by Hassan to Amir. The setting was in Kabul in a sunny day of winter. They were flying kites and in Kabul fighting with kites were very popular and after they had won the fight; Hassan insisted he would go get the loser’s kite for Amir. When Amir said make sure you bring it and Hassan answered that for you a thousand times over. This shows the bond of friendship, one of the main themes in this novel. It also shows how much Hassan cares about Amir that he is willing to do anything for him. But in reality he is Amir’s brother. â€Å"The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either† This quote was said by Amir but it is very stereotypical. As well as shows how selfish Amir is. Being Amir’s brother Hassan was still the servant of the house and did everything Amir asked him to do. He went through a lot of hardships for Amir’s sake as well as takes a lot of insults. But in the end Amir betrayed Hassan and tried to frame him of being a thief and making him leave their house. Also the reason Amir felt this way was because he was embarrassed to think that their servant could be his friend. This is also why Amir’s life changes forever and the feeling of guilt which is one of the other main themes of this novel starts.

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay

The nursing profession is a complex field that can challenge you mentally, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. People who go into the field of nursing have daily interacts with patients’ and families in need of medical help and guidance. Nurses face numerous challenges on a daily basis and must be able to handle not only their patients’ issues, but remain strong and healthy to avoid compassion fatigue and burnout. Compassion fatigue is defined as emotional, spiritual, and physical exhaustion resulting from â€Å"witnessing and absorbing the problems and suffering of others† (Wisniewski, 2013). Compassion fatigue can lead to burnout with one’s professional career and affect home life. Caregivers can also be affected by compassion fatigue and burnout from the roles that they play with their loved ones. It is vital to be able to identify the warning signs of compassion fatigue and burnout. This is a battle that can be â€Å"fought with a commitment to personal health and well-being† (Chapman, 2007). Health care professionals and caregivers need to be able to find a balance and maintain health in their own spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional lives to assist patient’s to optimal care. Strategies on stress management, healthy lifestyle choices, and resources available will be discussed to help prevent and manage these issues. â€Å"Nurses are the backbone of the medical system and act as the first line of patient medical care† (Chen et al., 2009). Dealing and coping with stress is vital for nurses to maintain to provide adequate care. Compassion fatigue is a feeling of hopelessness and a loss in the sense of meaning in one’s life. Symptoms can be â€Å"strong feelings of anxiety, difficulty concentrating, being jumpy or easily startled, irritability, difficulty sleeping, excessive emotional numbing, and intrusive images of another’s traumatic material† (Portnoy, 2011). These symptoms need to be recognized to receive help or they can progres s to long-term effects and  complications. There are five concepts of compassion fatigue that need to be addressed to help with prevention and burnout. The first concept is cognitive; symptoms can be apathy, disorientation, trouble concentration, and harshness. The second concept is emotional; signs can be anxiety, fear, helplessness, feelings of powerlessness, depression, having bad dreams, and shock. The third concept is behavioral which can be lack of sleep, moody, change in appetite, withdrawn, and repeatedly having bad dreams. The fourth concept is spiritual. This area can lead the individual to question their role in life and their profession, feelings of being lost, and questioning faith and personal beliefs. The last concept is somatic, meaning affecting one’s voluntary nervous system. This can cause rapid heartbeats, trouble breathing, headaches, aches and pains, trouble staying or falling asleep, and sweating (Portnoy, 2011). There are numerous factors that can lead up to and cause compassion fatigue. Triggers can be issues with management such as nursing acuity, patient to nurse ratios, overworked nurses, personal issues, lack of support from coworkers or bosses, and loss of the feeling that the nurse is making a difference. To combat these factors in nurses and other employees in health care, managers and organizations need to be aware of this dynamic issue and offer help (Portnoy, 2011). Creating an open environment along with education and training on how to deal with these complex issues is the first step to addressing compassion fatigue within the workplace. Group meetings within the workplace will offer the nurses a chance to share their thoughts and feelings, realizing that they are not alone. Building bonds with coworkers and sharing patient experiences will help to encourage positive healthy habits. Self-care is vital for nurses to maintain to keep life in balance and to adequately take proper care of our patients. Everybody has stress, learning how to deal with it is the key to happiness and a healthy well-being. Nurses are constantly educating our patient’s on lifestyle changes needed to maintain health such as a proper diet, exercise, and a strong support system. We in turn need to practice what we preach and maintain our health to be at our best to help our patients achieve their best. Burnout and compassion fatigue are sometimes talked about as one, but there are differences. Burnout is â€Å"state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress† (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). Signs of burnout can be depression or  detachment, emotions are rigid, loss of hope and motivation, and a feeling of not worthy of living. Burnout can be caused by lifestyles or work-related issues. Working in an environment that you feel like you have no control or lack of resources can lead to burnout. Self-care is needed to maintain positive outlets to express one’s stress to avoid burnout in one’s personal life. There are physical, emotional, and behavioral signs of burnout. Physical signs are feelings of being tired all the time, being sick a lot, change in sleeping habits, body aches, and frequent headaches. Emotional signs can be loss of motivation, feelings of helplessness, feelings of detachment, sense of doubt, and an increased negative outlook in life. Behavioral signs can be isolation from others, avoidance of responsibilities, drug or alcohol abuse, missing work, and anger directed at others (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). There are several ways to help prevent burnout. Learning how to manage stress and adopting a positive healthy eating, sleeping, and exercising habits are good examples to start with. It is important to know when you need help and that it is available. Burnout can lead to compassion fatigue within your professional career. Nurses who are tired, overworked, and stress out over time without help can suffer from burnout and in turn fall into compassion fatigue. Nurses need compassion to help guide patients in their medical situations, if the nurse is stressed out and needing help herself then how can she guide the patient? Burnout can be healed, addressing the issues and finding â€Å"your balance by reassessing priorities, making time for yourself, and seeking support† (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). There is a three â€Å"R† approach when dealing with burnout; recognize, reverse, and resilience. Recognition of burnout, reversal of the damage caused from stress, and building resilience to deal with the stress by taking care of one’s emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual health. Identification is one step into addressing compassion fatigue and burnout. One can recover from burnout. There are three strategies that one should remain mindful of, slow down, get support, and reevaluate your goals and priorities (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). When dealing with job burnout there are a few options that you can do to improve the circumstances. Taking time off, asking for a new assignment, speaking with management about issues, and clarifying your job duties are a few suggestions to start with. Caregiver burnout can happen to anyone at any  given time. The roles of caregivers are equally important like that of nursing. Caregivers are responsible for the direct care of a loved one and can experience compassion fatigue as well as burnout. Being involved with a loved one’s care can cause physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual distress. The health of the caregivers is important for the success of the one who is receiving the care. Promoting policies and interventions that will help the caregivers to avoid emotional exhaustion is the goal. Caregivers need to remain aware of their needs and beliefs and know when to ask for help should they need it. Education is the start to helping patients, families, and caregivers; talking about compassion fatigue and burnout allows people to see that they are not alone and that help is available. There are numerous resources available to assist those seeking help such as The Gift from Within organization that specializes in helping people deal with trauma and stress. There is also a Compassion Fatigue organization that aims at educating people on how important self-care is and how vital it is to know the signs and symptoms (Portnoy, 2011). In conclusion, compassion fatigue is the loss of self and burnout is the emotional exhaustion that one can feel. Nurses and health care professionals are at higher risks of having these issues come up; however caregivers can suffer from these issues just as easily. The goal to combating these topics is to bring awareness to them and to continue educating people on the ways to handle them. Sometimes asking for help is hard, but it is the first step in the right direction to becoming a healthy well-being who can handle stress. Seeking guidance from professionals will benefit the person in distress as well as their families. To be emotionally, physically, mentally, and spiritually sound one must take care of themselves in all aspects of life. One must have compassionate caring, empathic boundaries, self-awareness, spirituality and hope, and self-forgiveness to succeed in life (Bush, 2009). References Bush, N. (2009). Compassion fatigue: are you at risk? Oncology Nursing Forum, 36(1), 24-28. doi:10.1188/09.ONF.24-28 Chapman, E. (2007). Radical loving care: Building the healing hospital in America. Nashville, TN: Vaughn Printing Chen, C., Lin, C., Wang, S., & Hou, T. (2009). A study of job stress, stress coping strategies, and job satisfaction for nurses working in middle-level hospital operating rooms. Journal Of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association), 17(3), 199-211. doi:10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181b2557b Portnoy, D. (2011). Burnout and Compassion Fatigue Watch for the Signs. Journal of the Catholic Health Association of the United States, 47-51. Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.compassionfatigue.org/pages/healthprogress.pdf Preventing Burnout. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/preventing-burnout.htm Wisniewski, L. (2013, February 5). What is Nursing Stress, Burnout, or Compassion Fatigue? Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.nursetogether.com/what-is-nursing-stress-burnout-or-compassion-fatigue

Greek Contributions Essay

Contributions of Ancient Greece Many of the roots of Western society can be traced back to ancient Greece. The longest areas of contribution are architecture, medicine, and philosophy. The philosophical area of ancient Greece is one of the most important; it foundededucational laws and many other things. Also architecture was a major part of what ancient Greece left behind considering they constructed huge buildings that still stand today. Greece was known as one of the founders of modern medicine since they learned how to fix dislocated joints and broken arms. Those are the major contributions left behind from the Greek’s. One of the advancement’s that affects western civilization is architecture. Greece created huge buildings such as the Parthenon and Pantheon. Columns that are used in the Parthenonare found all over the world today such as the White House and other Government buildings such as the Capital Building and The Jefferson Memorial. Also the limestone and ma rble in the buildings and column’s are still used today because of their beauty and durability. The amazing architecture of Greece gave us the idea of creating massive buildings and columns. One of the greatest contributions of ancient Greece is philosophy. Aristotle, the great philosopher believed that reason is the one thing that guides lives. The three philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates founded the main idea of philosophy today. Socrates thought that you should ask questions that caused you to think deeply about a subject and find the truth in everything. Plato founded the idea that there should be laws on education. These three philosophers together created the idea that we should take what life gives us but find the truth in everything. These famous Greek philosophers set morals and ideas that we use in everyday life. One of the greatest achievements in the ancient world was medicine. There were many doctors who practiced things that will make patients feel better or be cured without hurting patients. Before a doctor called Hippocrates the ancient world believed that gods and demons cause illnesses but then he came around and taught that diseases had natural causes. The doctors of Greece showed us how to find many cures, put dislocated joints back in place, and how to reset bones. Finally they gave us the idea that doctors should do everything in their power to do what is best for the patient. Ultimately, the many contributions of ancient Greece affected our world in many different ways. Medicine helped us to cure many people and have people feel better when they  broke something, dislocated something, or even had a disease. Philosophy of Greece founded the way we learn and question things in today’s world. Finally the architecture of Greece has survived the test of time and impacts many important buildings in the United States of America and many other countries in the world. All in all those are the many contributions of ancient Greece.

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY

ABDOMINOPLASTY - TUMMY TUCK SURGERY ABDOMINOPLASTY TUMMY TUCK SURGERY Abdominoplasty or dermolipectomy (â€Å"tummy tuck†) is a procedure by which excess skin and subdermal tissue from the abdomen (so called hanging belly) are removed. Complete musculature of the abdominal wall is tightened. â€Å"Hanging belly† happens mostly to individuals who have lost a significant amount of weight or women who gave several births. Of course, hereditary elements play an important part. TUMMY TUCK CANDIDATES If you want to know if you are a candidate for dermolipectomy, you need to follow these indications: limp and loose belly, excess skin and fatty tissue on the belly, striae on the lower part of the belly and loose and separated muscles of the abdominal wall. PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT Patient preparation for the tummy tuck surgery usually starts during the first examination. The first step in preparation for the surgery is the patient’s consent. Very important part is to create that feeling of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The patient will be informed of surgery process and what surgery includes. During the initial examination you’ll be asked to look in the mirror and show precisely what kind of change you would like to be done to your belly. During the examination you will give data of your medical history of illnesses or surgical treatments you had previously, medicine allergies, chronic infections, hypertension, diabetes, anemia. It is important to provide your doctor with complete information i.e. are you using some medication such as aspirin, estrogen, vitamin C, etc. Examination is performed in standing and lying position. During the examination, level of excess skin and subdermal fatty tissue has to be determined as well as degree of looseness of abdomen wall musculature and possible existence of ventral hernia. TUMMY TUCK PROCEDURE Tummy tuck incision is horizontally-oriented and is made in lower zone of the belly above pubic hairline and spreads lateral in the direction of pelvic bones. Length of the incision is determined by the level of looseness and skin excess. In general, incision is in line with the bathing suit, it is hidden so it can’t be seen on the beach. The complete complex of skin and subdermal tissue are prepared all the way to muscular fascia and up to ribs. Abdominal muscles are tightened and they are connected (plicated) shaping and forming new beautiful body contours. After that excess skin and subdermal tissue are tightened all the way up to navel which is removed. Then a new navel is created and has to look like the real one. Sometimes liposuction needs to be combined with this procedure. Drains are placed that are left for a few days. POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT Drains will be removed after few days. Until then patient has to be in the position with bent legs. Sutures stay in place about 14 days. After tummy tuck surgery patient need to wear special corsets for a month after the surgery and to avoid physical strains for a month. One day after the surgery short walk is recommended. Patient has to get out of bed and go for a walk in bent position in order to increase blood circulation. Patient must avoid straining, sudden straightening and physical activities. Recommended time for having intercourse is at least after two weeks after the surgery. COMPLICATIONS Complications rarely occur. They are classified as early and late. Early complications include infection, hematoma, necrosis around the incision and usually occur with diabetics and smokers. Seroma can be developed after the surgery. It can accumulate under the skin and in lower parts of abdomen and can be there for a few months after the procedure. Later complications include appearance of hypertrophic scar. TUMMY TUCK COST Tummy tuck with muscle repair (dermolipectomia) 3000â‚ ¬

Cultural Assessment slp3- 414 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Assessment slp3- 414 - Essay Example The most affected group in the South African society is those between 15 and 49 years of age according to (Avert, 2011). Avert further states that the prevalence of the disease in the country varies according to provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumulanga leading with 15.8 percent and 15.4 percent prevalence respectively. Behaviour Contributing to the high Prevalence of HIV?AIDS in South Africa The high prevalence and incidences of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is mainly associated with irresponsible sexual behaviour and the denial of its actual existence. Statistics show that a minor portion of the population of South Africa start having Sex beyond the age of 15, a time when most people are not yet married. At this age, it is highly unlikely that the youths use contraceptives. Yet another major cause of the health problem is sexual violence, rape being a major factor in this category. The engagement in sex with multiple partners whether or not in a polygamous setting has also featured promin ently as another cause of the disease. The scourge is also noted to be more prevalent among heavy drinkers and drug abusers. Many South Africans are reluctant to go for testing which means that they do not know their HIV status. Because of this, the spread of AIDS has not been curbed effectively as such people spread the disease without knowing.

Developing rigorous hypotheses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing rigorous hypotheses - Essay Example In effect, should deductive approach have been used exclusively in this study, the researcher would have had to focus the experiment on testing and examining the theory so that a firm theory or conclusion would be derived from the effect of the proposed scheme as a labelling scheme (Hardy & Bryman, 2004; Creswell, 2007). Meanwhile, it was not possible to use deductive approach alone, a reason for which no rigorous hypothesis was developed based on the experiment. As it has been explained earlier, the reason for refusing to use deductive approach alone, which would have called for the need to have a rigorous hypothesis was that there is no common test-bed based on which the performance, scalability and efficiency of labelling schemes can be assessed. Meanwhile, Sapsford & Jupp (2006) indicated that for a rigorous hypothesis to be set, based on which a deductive research will be carried out, it is important that there will be an easily substantiated framework or platform based on which the hypothesis can be tested. In the absence of such a framework or platform, the hypothesis set fails to be considered a rigorous hypothesis but only a guiding hypothesis that specifies to the researcher what needs to be achieved with the study. Also writing on research approaches, Riley et al. (2000) suggested that in such a scientific research as this where cannot be a rigorous hypothesis due to lack of a test-bed based on which the hypothesis will be justified, it is important that a combined approach that involves an inductive approach is used. It was based on this that the experimental framework used a combined approach comprising deductive approach and inductive approach. Yin (2009) explained an inductive research approach to be one which provides the researcher with greater flexibility and opportunity to modify the research emphasis depending on the accumulated findings throughout the research process. As a result of this, instead of exclusively basing on the

Organizing PhD Thesis Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Organizing PhD Thesis - Literature review Example The central contention was to come up with a mathematical model that could be used to reliably tabulate the fuel consumption of a passenger vehicle. Using a comparison, the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) was taken as the basic framework for testing. The proposed mathematical model was tested against real life driving conditions which proved the reliability of the mathematical model. With the application of this tested model it would be easier and convenient to control pollution considerably. The present situation is grave enough to consider such a preventive measure to control pollution. Otherwise it would degrade the Earth to the extent of its demolition. This mathematical model would help in controlling pollution and thus balancing the environment. It would be a way to sustainable development without causing harm to the environment. This dissertation paper has been divided into a number of chapters each chapter dealing with a separate topic. The chapters studies and discusses th e intricate issues related to the subject so as to form a profound understanding of the subject being studied in this paper. The information and data are also represented in the form of graphs illustrating the study and making it easier to understand the stated discussions. Tables are also used in this paper to present the figures and make way for easy understanding of the information. I dedicate this work to my dear parents for the lifelong and boundless love that I received from them as well their unwavering support. This work is also dedicated to my wife for her unfaltering encouragement throughout my study and my son Abu Bakr and daughters Yakootha and Remas. Without their support reaching this point would not have been possible. Few goals are ever achieved without the help of teachers, mentors, colleagues, family, and friends. For the assistance, support, and guidance I have received while completing my postgraduate studies I am indebted to my

Bereavement care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bereavement care - Assignment Example In the wake of the same, different cultures carry out different ritual acts in alleviating the effects of a loss and creation of resilience. Rituals play a great deal of functions in the life of a person subjected to the given tragedy. Medically, the rituals act as therapeutic step. There are several rituals depending on the society that is concerned with the issue. One of them is the funeral of a deceased person. Funeral as a ritual is carried out differently in the different societies. For instance, in the western world, there is usually a high sense of cultural differences and these would to a large extend be dictated by the specific culture. Funeral home visits with a casket among the western nations; a catholic wake as well as a Shiva among the Jews is some of the rituals. What function do these serve? There are rituals that are also part of other rituals. A funeral service is a greater ritual that is carried by most groups in the world. One of the roles of a funeral and its sub -rituals is that it creates admissibility and appreciation in the hands of the bereaved. Many people according to Bonnano have had to appreciate the fact that so many mourners can turn up to witness the burial of someone in the society. Finality of the death is therefore appreciated and realized at that instance. Burial or cremation is also a ritual that must be carried out to a dead person. Burials witness a lot of activities. These activities just like the whole funeral process are supposed to create an acceptable situation of the reality of the matter (Cecilia & Thomson, 2005). In the western societies for instance, most of the actions are leveled towards creation of acceptance in the victims who suffer from denials instead of carrying out unwarranted practices. Therefore, all the rituals and behaviors are supposed to create a transition and actually the witness of a behavior is usually an indication that the transition is being successfully implemented. Different societies defin e the expected behavior in a funeral differently. The basis of the behavior is based on the traditional and historical facts that have been followed over the generations (Bonanno, 2009). A great deal of knowledge about emotions is a strong issue when it comes to dealing with resilience at any stage. Much of the western world would therefore have a very personalized approach to issues of resilience than the other parts of the world. Therefore, there is no conditioned definition of the expected behavior in a society but it is based on the type of culture that has been cultivated over the generations. Bonanno’s View of Resiliency and Grief Grieving as a way related to resilience is a process in the recovery process. Grieving is suffering due to any reason that would take resilience to recover back to normalcy. Grief is an emotion that is strong and overwhelming mostly caused by an unfortunate happening. During grieving, there is a high sense of symptomatic experiences that go wi th the situation and is highly dependent on the strength of the loss incurred. The victims experience a lot of numbness and there’s a total removal from the daily life. This daily life includes social life and therefore, there is support that is required to make sure that the victim recovers completely. The response of the experts to the situation of grieving

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia - Essay Example 331). Anorexia nervosa involves restricting oneself of food intake and nutrients while anorexia bulimia involves repeated acts of bingeing and purging. Thus, people with the disorder are characterized with either loss of desire to eat or purging behaviors in intent to reduce weight. In the United States, the incidence and prevalence of Americans afflicted with anorexia have risen steadily to 1.2 million individuals and majority of this statistic are adolescents and women (Mehler and Krantz, 2003, p. 331). Anorexia is also common among cancer patients in U.S. with 50% of cancer patients who developed anorexia upon diagnosis and 60%-65% when in the later stage of the disease (Adams et al. 2009, p. 96). The increasing incidence of anorexia for the past decades has been attributed to physiologic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, nutritional, neuronal, endocrine, and societal factors such as emphasis on promoting dieting behaviors and thinness. To study further anorexia, this paper will discu ss the different signs and symptoms of anorexia during a mental status examination, the evidence-based therapeutic interventions, and the potential risks to self and others of unmanaged anorexia. Signs and Symptoms during Mental Status Examination During mental status examination, the consumer with anorexia may present to the emergency department in lethargic state. According to Gurenlian (2002), the dehydration and malnutrition brought by severe dieting may result to headaches, lethargy, and syncope (p. 221). In addition, prolonged protein and electrolyte depletion in the body will lead to weakness, dizziness, and paresthesia. A consumer with anorexia demonstrates behaviors that are profoundly narrow, rigid, and disconnected from reality (Merwin at al. 2011, p. 63). Emotions are suppressed to reduce distress in weight and body image and speech is centered rigidly on verbal guidelines about eating and exercises; thus, becomes preoccupied with weight and body image. Due to emotional suppression, anorexic consumers also have poor self-image and greater rate of suicide attempts (Keifer et al. 2010, p. 304). Thought contents include delusion of seeing oneself as fat, suicidal ideations, and obsessions (Harris, Eberly and Cumella, 2004, p. 24-25). Nutritional and emotional suppression not only account for the delusional thoughts and decreased mental state but also in being less responsive to feedback when learning a task and difficulty in concentrating and making decisions. Evidence-based Therapeutic Interventions Adams et al. (2009) conducted a review of evidence-based interventions to treat and manage anorexia and found out a limited number of empirically-based interventions recommended for management of the disorder (p. 100). Interventions that were reviewed for evidence in the study include dietary interventions and counseling, intake of oral supplements, and use of pharmacologic agents. Based upon the evidences, only two pharmacological interventions are recom mended for treatment of anorexia: these include use of corticosteroids and progestin. Systematic reviews confirmed that corticosteroids stimulate appetite and promote weight gain while progestin not only treat hormone-dependent tumors but has additional effect of increasing body weight and appetite (Adams et al. 2009, p. 98). Dietary interventions and counseling were also found to be effective in reducing incidence of anorexia through improvement in nutritional intake and

Efficiency Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Efficiency Market Hypothesis - Essay Example Efficient markets do exist in theory. For example according to financial theory there are efficient stock markets that especially don't permit market manipulation by investors. However the practical scenario negates this proposition very often. For instance the rally of the stock could be attributed partially to the equity issue and not to the efficiency of the markets. The stock market crash of 2008 can be identified as a situation in which a stock market experiences a sudden and major decline in value of its underlying stocks. However crashes can occur mainly due to the rising stock prices and excessive economic optimism (Cuthbertson, 1996). Further it can be caused by the collapse of a speculative bubble, financial crisis or economic crisis. A substantial change in stock markets and price behavior can be caused by psychological influences that often lead to bubbles. Thus EMH is flawed to a certain extent because there is no such grantee that share prices would be solely determined by a pure interplay of market forces, i.e. demand and supply. In fact the crash in 2008 occurred due to structural deficiencies that in turn were characterized by a flurry of activity in which overvalued shares were traded hectically during the immediately preceding period before the crash. Stock market influences on the investors' policy decision making process and corporate strategy have been discussed against backdrop of an evolving environment of change. This is because of the fact that business organizations are becoming more popular because their survival is directly proportional to the size of the market rather than the manageability (Elton, and Martin. 2003). Compact small business organizations have been described as economically unproductive in times of financial recessions because their excessive dependence on internal organizational capabilities leads to poor decisions. Therefore it's essential now to discuss the various theoretical underpinnings of the optimal capital structure in order to determine how efficiently the stock market would be able to function in the absence of the above mentioned shortcomings such as bankruptcy costs and information asymmetry. In addition, there are some highly influential theories. With the help of them it's possible to discuss how best an efficient stock market can be brought into existence (or not) thus rendering both capital structure and dividend policy of the firm irrelevant. However the extent to which those stock market imperfections can be overcome would determine the degree of perfection of the stock market in a given situation.On the other hand the success of big firms has been attributed to their ability to raise both debt and equity capital and the relative size of the market. In the first place financial recessions dependents on the firm's ability to raise capital. Since the market value of the firm is affected by the way in which the capital is structured, managers might prefer to raise debt instead of equity thus bringing down the value of the firm in the eyes of the investor (Copeland, and Fred, 1988). Subsequently shareholders might be compelled to sell their shares at lower prices. In such a scenario big corporate entities are able to survive on pre commitments made by institutional lenders who will not